Ir para o menu de navegação principal Ir para o conteúdo principal Ir para o rodapé

Artigos

v. 13 n. 100 (2011)

Human Rights adjudication in contemporary democracies: Courts’ specific moral insight as a decisive advantage over legislatures (a modest and partial response to Jeremy Waldron’s core case against judicial review)

DOI
https://doi.org/10.20499/2236-3645.RJP2011v13e100-136
Enviado
11 fevereiro 2015

Resumo

The paper confronts some of the arguments presented by Jeremy Waldron against the mechanism of judicial review and tries to provide a modest contribution for supporting the legitimacy of Courts as an adequate institutional setting to adjudicate human rights within contemporary democratic systems. The first part presents the twofold framework of my position, i.e, the particular open structure and expansive scope that human rights have acquired in the international field, and Rainer Forst’s theory about the foundations of this kind of rights. The second one describes a limited piece of Jeremy Waldron’s “core case” against judicial review, focusing on the reasons he provides to discard the specific moral insight of courts in this area of rights’ adjudication as an outcome-related advantage that can support the mechanism of judicial review. Finally, the paper develops a critique of Waldron’s position regarding that advantage. Without contesting his four demanding assumptions about how democratic institutions work in an ideal context, I argue that the specific moral insight that Courts have as a consequence of how individual cases are presented before them is a strong advantage over legislatures and can be dispositive
in the case for judicial review in this field of law if we think about it from within
the empirical and theoretical framework described in the first part of the work.

Referências

  1. ABERNATHY, Charles. Law in the United States. Minnesota, Thomson-West Ed., w/y, p. 417-421.
  2. ALLAN, James. The Author doth protest too much, methinks. New Zealand´s University Law Review, W/Y, n. 20, p. 519-524.
  3. BARTHOLOMEW, Amy. Human Rights and Post-Imperialism: arguing for a deliberative legitimation of Human Rights. Buffalo Human Ruights Law Review, 2003, n. 9, p. 25-46.
  4. BESSON, Samantha. The European Union and Human Rights: Towards a Post-National Human Rights Institution? Human Rigths Law Review, 2006, n. 6, p. 323-342.
  5. DWORKIN, Ronald, Taking Rights Seriously. Harvard University Press, 1978.
  6. ELLIOT, Heather. The Functions of Standing. Stanford Law Review, n. 61, p. 459.
  7. FALLON JR., Richard. The Core of an Uneasy Case for Judicial Review. Harvard Law Review, 2008, n. 121, p. 1.672-1.693.
  8. FORST, Rainer. The Justification of Human Rights and the Basic Right to Justification: A Reflexive Approach. Ethics, 2010, n. 120, p. 711-714.
  9. GARDNER, John. “Simply in Virtue of Being Human”: The Whos and Whys of Human Rights, JETHSP, 2008, n. 2.
  10. HENKIN, Louis. The Rights of Man Today. Stevens Ed, 1979.
  11. HOOKER, Brad. Griffin on Human Rights, Oxford Journal Legal Studies, 2010, n. 30, p. 193-211.
  12. HUTCHINSON, Allan C. A “Hard Core” case against judicial review. Harvard Law Review, 2008, n. 120, p.57-59.
  13. JOONDEPH, Bradley W. The many meanings of “Politics” in judicial decision making. University of Missouri-Kansas City Law Review, w/y, n. 77, 347-378.
  14. KUMM, Mattias. Internationale Handelsgesellschaft, Nold and the New Human Rights Paradigm. In: MADURO, Miguel; AZOUALI, Loic (Eds.). The Past and Future of EU Law: The Classics of EU Law Revisited on the 50th Anniversary of the Rome Treaty, Hart Publishing Ltd, 2010.
  15. ________. The Idea of Socratic Contestation and the Right to Justification: The Point of Right-Based Proportionality Review, Law & Ethics Hum. Rts, 2010, n. 4, p. 140-144.
  16. LITTLE, Laura. Envy and jealousy: a study of separation of powers and judicial review. Hastings Law Journal, w/y, n. 52, p. 47-89
  17. PILDES, Richard H. Why Rights are Not Trumps: Social Meanings, Expressive Harms, and Constitutionalism. Journal of Legal Studies, 1998, n. 27, p. 725-744.
  18. RAZ, Joseph, Human Rights Without Foundations. Oxford Legal Studies Research Paper, 2007, n. 14. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=999874
  19. ______. The Rule of Law and its virtue. In: RAZ, Joseph. The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality, 1979, p. 214.
  20. ROSEN, Jeffrey. Supreme Court Inc. New York Times, March 16th, 2008.
  21. SMITH, D. Brooks. Judicial review in the United States. Dug. Law Review, n. 45, p. 379-387.
  22. STONE, Alec; MATTHEWS, Jud. Proportionality Balancing and Global Constitutionalism. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 2008, n. 47, p. 72 e ss.
  23. SUNSTEIN, Cass. Ideological voting on Federal Courts of Appeal: a preliminary investigation. Virginia Law Review, 2004, n. 90, p. 301
  24. ______. Rules and Rulessness. John Olin Law & Economics Working Paper n. 27 (2nd Series), University of Chicago Law School, pp. 4-11.
  25. SWEET, Alec Stone; MATHEWS, Jud. Proportionality balancing and global constitutionalism. Columbia Journal Transnational Law, 2008, n. 47, p. 72-91.
  26. TAHA, Ahmed. Judge Shopping: Testing Whether Judge’s Political Orientations Affect Case Filings. University of Cincinnati Law Review, w/y, n. 78, p.1007-1035.
  27. WALDRON, Jeremy. The Core of the Case Against Judicial Review. Yale Law Journal, 2006, n. 15, p. 1346.
  28. WALDRON, Jeremy. Moral Truth and Judicial Review. American Journal of Jurispridence, 1998, n. 43, p.75-ss.
  29. WRIGHT, R. George Review Essay: The Disintegration of the Idea of Human Rights, Indiana Law Review, 2010, n. 43, p. 423.